[Numbers] Ordinals

Rule :

Sino-Korean	Pronunciation	Pure Korean	Pronunciation
제 + (number)	je + (number)	(number) + 번째	(number) + beon.jjae

Example

Place	Sino-Korean	Pronunciation	Pure Korean	Pronunciation
1st	제일/제1	je.il	첫번째 (not 한번째)	cheot.beon.jjae
2nd	제이/제2	je.i	두번째	du.beon.jjae
3rd	제삼	je.sam	세번째	se.beon.jjae
10th	제십	je.ship	열번째	yeol.beon.jjae

[Conjugation] Levels of Politeness

Level	Used when talking to
Deferential	People with authority
Polite	adult colleague
Intimate	friends adolescent
Plain	children
Familiar	(not used much)
Blunt	(not used much)

Level	Declarative	Interrogative (questioning)	Propositive (suggesting)	Imperative (commanding)
Deferential	-슴니다 -ㅂ니다	-슴니까 -ㅂ니까	-(으)십시다	-(으)십시오
Polite	-아요 -해요 -어요	-아요 -해요 -어요	-아요 -해요 -어요	-아요 -해요 -어요
Intimate	-아 -해 -어	-아 -해 -어	-아 -해 -어	-아 -해 -어
Plain	- (느)ㄴ다	- (으)니 - 냐	-자	-아라 -어라

[KPOP] Still as Ever by Lee Hong Ki

Korean


Sa rang eun a nil geo ra go
Jeol dae ro a nil geo ra go
Mae beon sog yeo wat ji man nae mam eun ja kku neo reur bu reu go
Han geor eum do mang chyeo bo go han geor eum mir eo nae bwa do
Geu reor su rog neon nae an e keo jeo ga go iss eo

Geu man keum sa rang ha na bwa geu man keum gi da ri na bwa
Geu to rog a peu ge hae do nae mam eun neor tteo nar su eopt na bwa
Sa rang eun ha na in ga bwa
Nae mam eun byeon chi an na bwa
Neor hyang hae ji kyeo on sa rang I je neun da man ar su it da go

Tta tteut han neo ui nun bic I tta tteut han neo ui sa rang I
Dar a nar su rog nae an e keo jyeo ga go iss eo

Neo do nar sa rang haet na bwa neo do nar gi da ryeot na bwa
Geu to rog a peu ge hae do ne mam eun nar tteo nar su eopt na bwa
Sa rang eun ha na in ga bwa
Nae mam eun byeon chi an na bwa
Neor hyang hae ji kyeo on sa rang I je neun da man ar su it da go
Neor sa rang hae

Ttae ro neun sa rang I hog eun nun mur I
U rir him deul ge hae do
Sa rang hae sa rang hae nae gyeot en neo man iss eu myeon dwae

Yeo jeon hi sa rang ha na bwa
Yeo jeon hi gi da ri na bwa
Meo ri reur sog yeo bo a do ga seum eun sog ir su neun eopt na bwa
Sa rang eun ha na in ga bwa
Nae mam eun byeon chi an na bwa
Neor hyang hae ji kyeo on sa rang I je neun da man ar su it da go
Neor sa rang hae .


English

I didn’t think it was love, I told myself it wasn’t love
I deceived myself, but my heart kept calling your name
I take one step towards you, push you one step away
Each time, you grow in my heart

I must be loving you this much, must be waiting for you this much
Even though it hurts so much, my heart can’t seem to let you go
I think there must be just one love, I don’t think my heart will change
The love that I’ve kept only for you, I can now finally tell you

Your warm eyes, Your warm love
Flying away farther, but you are still growing up in my heart.

I must be loving you this much, must be waiting for you this much
Even though it hurts so much, my heart can’t seem to let you go
I think there must be just one love, I don’t think my heart will change
The love that I’ve kept only for you, I can now finally tell you
I love you

Sometimes love, at times tears
Even though it’s hard, I love you, I love you
I only need you by my side
I must still be loving you, I must still be waiting for you
My brain might be fooled, but my heart can’t be fooled
I think there must be just one love, I don’t think my heart will change
The love that I’ve kept only for you, I can now finally tell you
I love you

[Vocabulary] Comparison

1. Great!  vs I like ... .
   좋아요 vs ...좋아해요.
   Cho.a.yo vs Cho.a.hae.yo.

2.

[Vocabulary] Meeting & Introduction

안녕하세요. 저눈 [name] 임니다.
An.nyeong.ha.se.yo. Jeo.nun [name] im.ni.da.
Hello! I'm [name].

처음뵙겠습니다.
Cheoeum.boep.gesseumni.da.
It's nice to meet you!
              or
반갑습니다.
Pan.gap.seum.ni.da.
It's a pleasure meeting you!

[Expressions] Short Expressions

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
음	eum	Mmm... (mouth watering)
응	eung!	Yeah! (You're right!)

[Grammar] Possessive Particle "의"

Three ways to show possession :

1. ) Noun (the possessor) + 의 + noun (object being possessed) 
            
      E.g.   유키의가방. (Yu.ki ui ka.bang.)
                Yu.ki ue ka.bang
                (lit :) Yuki's bag.

2. ) Noun + noun
     
       E.g.   유키가방.
                Yu.ki ka.bang
                (lit :) Yuki bag.

3. ) Noun + 갓 / 거

       E.g.   유키거.
                Yu.ki keo
                (lit :) Yuki thing.

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
내	Nae	My (plain)
재	Jae	My (humble)

Related Question : 

Who's ... ?

누구의...

Nu.gu.ue ...

[Vocabulary] People Names (Foreign)

Male Names

Word	Pronunciation	Name
마크	Ma.keu	Mark
스티브	Seu.ti.beu	Steven
잘스	Chal.seu	Charles
치엔	Chi.en	Chen
데니엘	De.ni.el	Daniel
투마스	Tu.ma.seu	Thomas
제임스	Je.im.su	James

Female Names

Word	Pronunciation	Name
유키	Yu.ki	Yuki
수잔	Su.jan	Susan
투이	Tu.i	Tui

[Vocabulary] Family

가족 / Ka.jok / Family

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
할아버지	Ha.ra.beo.ji	grandfather
할머니	Hal.meo.ni	grandmother
아버지 아빠	A.beo.ji A.ppa	father daddy
어머니 엄마	Eo.meo.ni Eom.ma	mother mommy
형 오빠	Hyeong O.ppa	older brother (male speaker) older brother (female speaker)
누나 언니	Nu.na Eon.ni	older sister (male speaker) older sister (female speaker)
남동생	Nam.dong.saeng	brother (younger)
여동생	Yeo.dong.saeng	sister (younger)
아저씨	A.jeo.shi	uncle
아주머니 아줌마	A.ju.meo.ni A.jum.ma	auntie

Related Questions :

Do you have a ...?
... 있으세요?
... isseu.se.yo?

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
남편	Nam.pyeon	husband
아내	A.nae	wife
아들	A.deul	son
딸	Ddal	daughter
손자	Son.ja	grandson
손녀	Son.nyeo	granddaughter
형제	Hyeong.je	brother
자매	Cha.mae (Ja.mae)	sister

[Vocabulary] Occupation

직업적 / ji.geop.jeok (jig.eop.jeok) / Occupation or Profession

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
학생	hak.saeng	student
선생님	seon.saeng.nim	teacher
의사	ui.sa	doctor
변호사	pyeon.ho.sa	lawyer
경찰	gyeong.chal	policeman
회사원	hoe.sa.won	company employee
공무원	gong.mu.won	goverment employee/ civil servant / an official
가수	ka.su	singer
배우	bae.u	actor

Related Question :

What is your profession?

직업이 뭐예요?

Ji.geobi mwo.ye.yo ?

[Vocabulary] Languages

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
한국어	Han.gu.geo (Han.guk.eo)	Korean
영어	Yeong.eo	English

[Vocabulary] Places

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
은행	eun.haeng	bank
시장	shi.jang	market
공원	kong.won	park
교실	kyo.il	classroom
학교	hak.gyo	school
식당	shik.dang	dining hall
회사	hoe.sa	office
집	jip	home
박물관	pak.mul.gwan	museum
문화원	mun.hwa.won	Cultural center
미술관	mi.sul.gwan	art gallery
고궁	go.gung	old palace
바다	ba.da	sea

[Vocabulary] Phone Conversation

Hello?
여부세요?
Yeo.bu.se.yo?

Who is this?
누구세요?
Nu.gu.se.yo?

It's...
... 인데요.
... in.de.yo.

[Topic] Eating Out

Vocabulary

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
아침	a.chim	breakfast
점심	jeom.shim	lunch
저녁	jeo.nyeok	dinner
간식	kan.shik	snack

계산서	kye.san.seo	bill
메뉴	me.nyu	menu

Common Expressions & Phrases when Eating Out

I'm starving!
배고파요!
Pae.go.pa.yo!

I'd like ...

... 주세요.

... juseyo.

Please bring the bill.

계산서 가져다주세요.
Kye.san.seo gajyeo.da.ju.se.yo.

Manners : 

잘먹겠슴니다.
Jal.Meokgesseumnida.
Thanks for the meal! (said BEFORE eating meal)

맛있어요.
Mashi.sseo.yo.
It's delicious! (Polite form)

잘먹겄슴니다.
Jal.Meokgeosseumnida.
Thanks for the meal! (said AFTER eating)

[Vocabulary] Seasons

계절/ Kye.jeol / Seasons

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
봄	Bom	Spring
여름	Yeo.reum	Summer
가을	Ka.eul	Autumn
겨울	Kyeo.ul	Winter

[Format] Time

시간 / Shi.kan / Time

Commonly used question when asking for time :
 
    What time is it now?
    지금 몇시 입니까?
    Ji.geum Myeot.shi Im.ni.kka?

To tell time in Korean use :

• Pure-Korean numbers for hour 
• Sino-Korean numbers for minute
• The 오전(AM)/오후(PM) indicator always appear before the hour and minute part. 

Examples : 

1.  4:35 PM   →    4시 35분 → 오후 내시삼십오분
2. 11:15 AM →   11시 15분 → 오전 열한시십오분
3.  3:30 PM   →    3시 30분 → 오후 세시삼십분 / 세시반 

[Numbers] Korean Counting Numbers

Korean has two number systems.

Sino-Korean

• this number system was influenced by the Chinese.
• commonly used in : dates, phone number, currency, age

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
일	Il	one
이	I	two
삼	Sam	three
사	Sa	four
오	O	five
육	Yuk	six
칠	Chil	seven
발	Pal	eight
구	Gu	nine
십	Ship	ten

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
십일	Shi.bil	eleven
삼십	Sam.ship	thirty
백	Baek	one hundred
이백	I.baek	two hundred
천	Cheon	one thousand
만	Man	ten thousand
십만	Ship.man	one hundred thousand
백만	Baek.man	one million

Native Korean

• pure Korean number system
• commonly used in : age and time

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
하나 / 한	Ha.na / Han	one
둘 / 두	Dul / Du	two
셋 / 세	Set / Se	three
넷/네	Net / Ne	four
다섯	Da.seot	five
여섯	Yeo.seot	six
일곱	Il.gop	seven
여덟	Yeo.deol	eight
아홉	A.hop	nine
열	Yeol	ten

Counting by 10's in Pure-Korean Number

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
열하나	Yeol	ten
스물 / 스무	Seu.mul / Seu.mu	twenty
서른	Seo.reun	thirty
마흔	Ma.heun	forty
쉰	Shin	fifty
예순	Ye.sun	sixty
일흔	I.rheun	seventy
여든	Ye.deun	eighty
아흔	A.heun	ninety
백	Baek	one hundred

Notes : Native Korean is not used when counting numbers above 100.

[Vocabulary] Months of the Year

 월 / Wol / month

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
일월	I.rwol	January
이월	I.wol	February
삼월	Sa.mwol	March
사월	Sa.wol	April
오월	O.wol	May
유월	Yu.wol*	June
칠월	Chi.rwol	July
발월	Pal.wol	August
구월	Ku.wol	September
시월	Si.wol*	October
십일월	Si.bil.wol	November
십이월	Si.bi.wol	December

Note : Words with '*' means it does not literally follow the template : Sino-Korean Number + '월' when pronounced. 

[Vocabulary] Days of the Week

 요일 / Yo.il / Days of the Week

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
월요일	Wo.ryo.il	Monday
화요일	Hwa.yo.il	Tuesday
수요일	Su.yo.il	Wednesday
목요일	Mo.gyo.il	Thursday
금요일	Keu.myo.il	Friday
토요일	To.yo.il	Saturday
일요일	I.ryo.il	Sunday

Common expression when asking for the day of the week :

   What day is your Korean class?

   무슨요일에한극어수업있어요?

   Mo.seun.Yo.il.e.Han.gu.geo.Sueop.isseo.yo?

Mo.seun = which

Yo.il = day of the week

Hangu.geo = Korean

Sueop = class

[Vocabulary] Time Expressions

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
오전	O.jeon	AM
오후	O.hu / O.fu	PM

주일	Ju.il	weekday
주말(에)	Ju.mal(e) / Ju.ma.re	weekend

Present

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
지금	Ji.geum	now

오늘	O.neul	this day, today
오늘아침	O.neul.a.chim	this morning
오늘오후	O.neul.o.hu	this afternoon
오늘밤(에)	O.neul.bam(e)	tonight

이번주	I.beon.ju	this week
이번달	I.beon.dal	this month
올해	Ol.hae	this year

Past

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
얼마전에	Eol.ma.jeon.e	a while ago

어재	Eo.jae	yesterday
어재아침	Eo.jae.a.chim	yesterday morning
어재오후	Eo.jae.o.hu	yesterday afternoon
어재저녁	Eo.jae.jeo.nyeok	yesterday evening

어젯밤	Eo.je.bam	last night
지난주	Chi.nan.ju	last week
지난달	Chi.nan.dal	last month
작년	Chan.nyeon	last year

그저께	Keu.jeo.kke	the other day
삼십분전애	Sam.shi.pun.jeo.ne	half an hour ago
사흘전에	Sa.heul.jeo.ne	three days ago
오년전에	O.nyeon.jeo.ne	five years ago

Future

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
모레	Mo.re	the day after tomorrow

내일	Nae.il	tomorrow
내일아침	Nae.il.a.chim	tomorrow morning
내일오후	Nae.il.o.hu	tomorrow afternoon
내일저녁	Nae.il.jeo.nyeok	tomorrow evening

다음주	Ta.eum.ju	next week
다음달	Ta.eum.dal	next month
내년	Nae.nyon	next year

오분안에	O.bun.an.e	in five minutes
한시간안에	Han.shi.gan.a.ne	in an hour
엿새안에	Yeo.sae.an.e	in six days
한달안에	Han.dal.an.e	in a month

[Conjugation] Verb (Polite Declarative & Interrogative)

Type A : Stem that ends in 'ㅏ/ㅗ' (a/o)

Verb Stem (VS)	Present ( VS + 아요 )	Past  ( VS + 았어요 )	Future ( VS + 겠어요 or VS +ㄹ거예요)
A. Stem ends in 'ㅏ' :       가다 → 가	가 + 아요 → 가요	가 + 았어요 → 갔어요	가 + 겠어요 → 가겠어요 가 + ㄹ거예요 → 갈거예요
B. Stem ends in 'ㅗ' :       오다 → 오	오 + 아요 → 와요	오 + 았어요 → 왔어요	오 + 겠어요 → 오겠어요 오 + ㄹ거예요 → 오거예요

Rules for contracting vowels with 'a' and 'yeo'

Rule	Example
ㅏ+ㅏ→ㅏ	가 + 아 →가
ㅗ+ㅏ→ㅘ	오 + 아 →와
하+ㅕ→해	하+여 → 해

Type B : Stem that ends in '하다' (hada)

Verb Stem (VS)	Present ( VS + 해요)	Past  ( VS + 했어요 )	Future ( VS + 하겠어요 or VS + 할거예요)
Stem ends in  '하다' :  공부하다 → 공부	공부 + 해요 → 공부해요	공부 + 했어요     → 공부했어요	공부 + 하겠어요   → 공부하겠어요     공부 + 할거예요   → 공부할거예요

Type C : Stem that does not end in 'ㅏ/ㅗ' (a/o) nor '하다' (hada)

Verb Stem (VS)	Present ( VS + 어요)	Past  ( VS + 었어요)	Future ( VS + 겠어요 or VS +ㄹ거예요 (for vowel ending stem) or VS +을거예요 (for consonant ending stem))
마시다 → 마시 (vowel ending)	마시 + 어요 → 마셔요	마시+었어요 → 마셨어요	마시+겠어요 → 마시겠어요 마시+ㄹ거예요 → 마실거예요
먹다 → 먹 (consonant ending)	마 + 어요 → 먹어요	먹+었어요 → 먹었어요	먹+겠어요 → 먹겠어요 먹+을거예요 → 먹을거예요

Type D : Irregular Verbs with Special Conjugation : 

Verb Stem (VS)	Present ( VS + 아요/어요)	Past  ( VS + 었어요)	Future ( VS + 겠어요 or VS +ㄹ거예요 (for vowel ending stem) or VS +을거예요 (for consonant ending stem))
잇다 → 잇 (VS ending in ㅅ except  벗다,웃다,씻다,빗다)	잇 + 어요 → 이어요 (잇's ㅅ gets removed  then follow conjugation rule based on the new VS's ending)	잇+었어요 → 이었어요	잇+겠어요 → 잇겠어요 잇+을거예요 → 이을거예요
돕다 → 돕 (VS ending in ㅂ except 잡다,뽑다,씹다,입다)	돕 + 아요 → 도와요 (돕's ㅂ gets removed  then follow conjugation  rule based on the new VS's ending)	돕+았어요 → 도왔어요	돕+겠어요 → 돕겠어요 돕+울거예요 → 도울거예요
걷다 → 걷 (VS ending in ㄷ except 받다,닫다,얻다,믿다)	걷 + 어요  → 걸어었요 (걷's ㄷ becomes ㄹ then follow conjugation  rule based on the new VS's  ending)	걷+었어요 → 걸었어요	걷+겠어요 → 걷겠어요 걷+을거예요 → 걸을거예요
자르다 → 자르 (VS ending in 르)	자르 + 아요 → 잘라요 (자르's ㅡ becomes ㄹ then follow Type A -아요conjugation )	자르+았어요 → 잘랐어요	자르+겠어요 → 자르겠어요 자르+을거예요 → 자를거예요

Rules for contracting vowels with 'eo'

Rule	Example
ㅓ+ㅓ→ㅓ	서 + 어 →서
ㅜ+ㅓ→ㅝ	주 + 어 → 줘
ㅡ+ㅓ→ㅓ	쓰 + 어 → 써
| + ㅓ →ㅕ	가지+어 → 가져
ㅐ+ㅓ→ㅐ	꺼내+어 → 꺼냬
ㅚ+ㅓ→ㅙ	되+어 → 돼

[KPOP] Gangnam Style by PSY

[Vocabulary] Verb Conjugation (Polite Declarative & Interrogative)

Type A : Stem that ends in 'ㅏ/ㅗ' (a/o)

Dictionary	Meaning	Present	Past	Future
가다 Ka.da	go	가요 Ka.yo	갔어요 Kass.eo.yo	갈거예요 Kal.keo.ye.yo
만나다 Man.na.da	meet	만나요 Man.na.yo	만났어요 Man.nass.eo.yo	만날거예요 Man.nal.keo.ye.yo
보다 Bo.da	see	봐요 Bwa.yo	봤어요 Bwass.eo.yo	볼거예요 Bol.keo.ye.yo
사다 Sa.da	buy	사요 Sa.yo	샀어요 Sass.eo.yo	살거예요 Sal.keo.ye.yo
오다 O.da	come	와요 Wa.yo	왔어요 Wass.eo.yo	올거에요 Ol.keo.ye.yo
일어나다 Ir.eo.na.da	get up	일어나요 Ir.eo.na.yo	일어났어요 Ir.eo.nass.eo.yo	일어날거예요 Ir.eo.nal.keo.ye.yo
자다 Ja.da	sleep	자요 Ja.yo	잤어요 Jass.eo.yo	잘거예요 Jal.keo.ye.yo

Type B : Stem that ends in '하다' (hada)

Dictionary	Meaning	Present	Past	Future
공부하다 Gong.bu.hada	study	공부해요 Gong.bu.hae.yo	공부했어요 Gong.bu.haess.eo.yo	공부할거예요 Gong.bu.hal.keo.ye.yo
노래하다 No.rae.ha.da	sing	노래해요 No.rae.hae.yo	노래했어요 No.rae.haess.eo.yo	노래할거예요 No.rae.hal.keo.ye.yo
말하다 Mal.ha.da	speak	말해요 Mal.hae.yo	말했어요 Mal.haess.eo.yo	말할거예요 Mal.hal.keo.ye.yo
사랑하다 Sa.rang.ha.da	love	사랑해요 Sa.rang.hae.yo	사랑했어요 Sa.rang.haess.eo.yo	사랑할거예요 Sa.rang.hal.keo.ye.yo
싫어하다 Sireo.ha.da	dislike	싫어해요 Sireo.hae.yo	싫어했어요 Sireo.haess.eo.yo	싫어할거예요 Sireo.hal.keo.ye.yo
요리를하다 Yo.ri.rul.ha.da	cook	요리를해요 Yo.ri.rul.hae.yo	요리를했어요 Yo.ri.rul.haess.eo.yo	요리를할거예요 Yo.ri.rul.hal.keo.ye.yo
이야기하다 I.ya.gi.ha.da	talk	이야기해요 I.ya.gi.hae.yo	이야기했어요 I.ya.gi.haess.eo.yo	이야기할거예요 I.ya.gi.hal.keo.ye.yo
일하다 Il.ha.da	work	일해요 Il.hae.yo	일했어요 Il.haess.eo.yo	일할거예요 Il.hal.keo.ye.yo
좋아하다 Joh.a.ha.da	like	좋아해요 Joh.a.hae.yo	좋아했어요 Joh.a.haess.eo.yo	좋아할거예요 Joh.a.hal.keo.ye.yo
청소하다 Cheong.so.ha.da	clean	청소해요 Cheong.so.hae.yo	청소했어요 Cheong.so.haess.eo.yo	청소할거예요 Cheong.so.hal.keo.ye.yo

Type C : Stem that ends in consonants / other vowels apart from '-a/-o'

Dictionary	Meaning	Present	Past	Future
가르치다 Ka.reu.chi.da	teach	가르쳐요 Ka.reu.cheo.yo	가르쳤어요 Ka.reu.cheoss.eo.yo	가르칠거예요 Ka.reu.chil.keo.ye.yo
듣다 Dut.da	listen	들어요 Du.reo.yo	들었어요 Du.reoss.eo.yo	들을거예요 Du.reul.keo.ye.yo
마시다 Ma.si.da	drink	마셔요 Ma.syeo.yo	마셨어요 Ma.syeoss.eo.yo	마실거예요 Ma.shil.keo.ye.yo
만들다 Man.dul.da	make	만들어요 Man.dul.eo.yo	만들었어요 Man.du.reoss.eo.yo	만들거예요 Man.dul.keo.ye.yo
먹다 Meok.da	eat	먹어요 Meo.geo.yo	먹었어요 Meo.geoss.eo.yo	먹을거예요 Meo.geul.keo.ye.yo
받다 Bat.da	get	받아요 Bat.eo.yo	받았어요 Bat.eoss.eo.yo	받을거예요 Ba.deul.keo.ye.yo
배우다 Bae.u.da	learn	배워요 Bae.we.yo	배웠어요 Bae.wess.eo.yo	베을거예요 Bae.ul.keo.ye.yo
살다 Sal.da	live	살어요 Sa.reo.yo	살았어요 Sa.rass.eo.yo	살거예요 Sal.keo.ye.yo
쉬다 Swi.da	rest	쉬어요 Swi.eo.yo	쉬었어요 Swi.eoss.eo.yo	쉴거예요 Swil.keo.ye.yo
쓰다 Sseu.da	write	써요 Sseo.yo	썼어요 Sseoss.eo.yo	쓸거예요 Sseul.keo.ye.yo
앉다 Ant.da	sit	앉아요 An.ja.yo	앉았어요 An.jass.eo.yo	앉을거예요 An.jeul.keo.ye.yo
열다 Yeol.da	open	열어요 Yeo.reo.yo	열었어요 Yeo.reoss.eo.yo	열거예요 Yeol.keo.ye.yo
웃다 Ut.da	smile	웃어요 U.seo.yo	웃었어요 U.seoss.eoyo	웃을거예요 U.seul.keo.ye.yo
울다 Ul.da	cry	울어요 U.reo.yo	울었어요 U.reoss.eo.yo	울거예요 Ul.keo.ye.yo
읽다 Ilk.tda	read	읽어요 Il.geo.yo	읽었어요 Il.geoss.eo.yo	읽을거예요 Il.geul.keo.ye.yo
입다 Ip.da	wear	입어요 I.beo.yo	입었어요 I.beoss.eo.yo	입을거예요 I.beul.keo.ye.yo
춤추다 Chum.chu.da	dance	춤춰요 Chum.cheo.yo	춤췄어요 Chum.cheoss.eo.yo	춤출거예요 Chum.chul.keo.ye.yo

[Vocabulary] Common Questions

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
누가 누구를	Nu.ga Nu.gu.rul	Who a. subject b. direct object
뭐 / 뭐가 뭘 / 무엇을	Mwo / Mwo.ga Mwol / Mu.eo.seul	What a. subject (informal / polite) b. direct object
언제	Eon.je	When
어디	Eo.di	Where
왜	Wae	Why
어느	Eo.neu	Which
어떻게	Eo.tteo.ke	How

- What -

What are you doing?
뭐 해요?
Mwo hae.yo?
         
What time is it?

What time will we meet?

- When -

When are you going to ...?
언제... 에 가요?
Eon.je ... e ka.yo?

When is your Birthday?
생일이 언제 에요?
Saeng.iri eon.je eyo?


- Where -

Where are you going?
어디 에 가요?
Eo.di e ka.yo?

Where is the ... ? 
... 이/가 어디 에 있어요?
... i/ga eo.di e iss.eo.yo?


- How -


- Others - 

Is/are there ...?
...  이있어요?
... .i.iss.eo.yo?

What day is your Korean class?
무슨 요일 에 한극어 수업 있어요?

Mo.seun yo.il e han.gu.geo sueop isseo.yo?

How old are you?

몇살 이세요?

Myeo.sal i.se.yo? 

Really?
정말요?
Jeong.mal.yo?

[Vocabulary] Positions

Location/Position (위치) Wiji

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
앞	Ap	Front
뒤	Dwi	Back
위	Wi	Up/On Top
아래/밑	Arae/Mit	Down/Below
왼쪽	Oen.jjok	Left Side
오른쪽	O.reun.jjok	Right Side
옆	Yeop	Beside
안	An	Inside
밖	Pakk	Outside

[Vocabulary] Different Nationalities

국적 / Guk.jeok / Nationality

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
한국사람	Han.guk.sa.ram	Korean
중국사람	Jung.guk.sa.ram	Chinese
일본사람	Il.bon.sa.ram	Japanese
베트남사람	Be.teu.nam.sa.ram	Vietnamese
필리핀사람	Pil.ri.pin.sa.ram	Filipino
태국사람	Tae.guk.sa.ram	Thai
미국사람	Mi.guk.sa.ram	American
캐나다사람	Kae.na.sa.ram	Canadian

[Expressions] Hello, Sorry, Goodbyes

1. Hello / Good Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening / How are you?
    안영하세요?
    An.nyeong.ha.se.yo?

2. Thank you

Meaning	Pronunciation	Usage
Thanks!	고마워요. Ko.ma.wo.yo!	Casual
Thank you!	고맙숩니다. (Ko.map.sup.nida) Komapsumnida! or 감사합니다. (Kam.sa.hap.ni.da) Kamsamnida!	Polite
Thank you very much!	대단히 감사합니다.  (Dae.dan.hi.kam.sa.hap.ni.da) Daedani Kamsamnida!	Formal

3. You're welcome.
    천만에요.
    Cheon.ma.ne.yo.


4. Excuse me!

Pronunciation	Usage
미안합니다. (Mi.an.hap.ni.da)     Mianhamnida.	Casual
실례합니다  (Sil.le.hap.ni.da)     Shillehamnida.	Polite
실례했습니다 (Sil.le.haess.seup.ni.da)     Shillehaesseumnida.	Formal

5. I'm sorry!
    죄송힙니다. (Jwe.song.hap.ni.da)
    Jwesonghamnida!

6. Goodbye!

   
    인녕히계세요. (lit : Stay in Peace!)
    An.nyeong.hi.gye.sae.yo.
    - used by the person leaving.
           or
    안녕히가세요. (lit : Go in Peace!)
    An.nyeong.hi.ka.sae.yo.
    - used by the person who'll be left behind.


7. Please
    제발
    Je.bal

8. Good night
    아녕히가십시오. (An.nyeong.hi.ka.sip.si.o)
    Annyeonghikasipshio. 

The Korean Alphabet

The Korean Alphabet is composed of 21 vowels and 19 consonants - a total of 40 letters.

A. The 21 vowels can further be divided into two categories :

• 8 monophthong vowels 
• 13 diphthong vowels

8 Monophthong Vowels (Pure Vowel Sound)

Letter	Transliteration	Syllable	Pronunciation
ㅏ	[a]	아	As the 'a' in 'gather'
ㅓ	[eo]	어	As the 'ou' in 'bought'
ㅗ	[o]	오	As the 'o' in 'old'
ㅜ	[u]	우	As the 'oo' in 'moon'
ㅡ	[eu]	으	As the 'u' in 'full'
ㅣ	[i]	이	As the 'i' in 'inn'
ㅔ	[e]	에	As the 'e' in 'set'
ㅐ	[ae]	애	As the 'a' in 'bare'

13 Dipthong Vowels (Two Vowels in a Syllable)

Letter	Transliteration	Syllable	Pronunciation
ㅑ	[ya]	야	As the 'ya' in 'yacht'
ㅕ	[yeo]	여	As the 'you' in 'young'
ㅛ	[yo]	요	As the 'yo' in 'yoga'
ㅠ	[yu]	유	As the 'u' in 'use'
ㅒ	[yae]	얘	As the 'ye' in 'yes'
ㅖ	[ye]	예	As the 'ye' in 'yes'
ㅘ	[wa]	와	As the 'wa' in 'wander'
ㅝ	[wo]	워	As the 'wo' in 'wonder'
ㅞ	[we]	웨	As the 'we' in 'wet'
ㅙ	[wae]	왜	As the 'wa' in 'wacko' or 'wag'
ㅚ	[oe]	외	As the 'oe' in 'noel'
ㅟ	[wi]	위	As the 'wi' in 'wicked'
ㅢ	[ui]	의	As the 'ue' in 'suet'

Notes :

• The dipthong vowels : ㅚ, ㅞ, ㅙ have similar pronunciation.

B. The 19 consonants can further be divided into two categories :

• 14 consonants (normal)
• 5 double consonants (tense)

14 Consonants

Letter	Transliteration	Pronunciation
ㄱ	[g]	As the 'g' in 'glue'
ㄴ	[n]	As the 'n' in 'network'
ㄷ	[d]	As the 'd' in 'door'
ㄹ	pronounced as [r] if at start of syllable, [l] if found at end of syllable	As the 'r' in 'river'
ㅁ	[m]	As the 'm' in 'mommy'
ㅂ	[b]	As the 'b' in 'busy'
ㅅ	[s]	As the 's' in 'ship'
ㅇ	no sound when at start of syllable, [ng] when at end	As the 'ng' in 'sing'
ㅈ	[j]	As the 'j' in 'jewelry'
ㅊ	[ch]	As the 'ch' in 'child'
ㅋ	[k]	As the 'k' in 'kitten'
ㅌ	[t]	As the 't' in 'telephone'
ㅍ	[p]	As the 'p' in 'puppy'
ㅎ	[h]	As the 'h' in 'house'

5 Double Consonants (Tense)

Letter	Transliteration	Pronunciation
ㄲ	[kk]	As the 'k' in 'skill'
ㄸ	[tt]	As the 't' in 'steam'
ㅃ	[pp]	As the 'p' in 'speak'
ㅆ	[ss]	As the 's' in 'sea'
ㅉ	[tch]	As the 'dg' in 'midget'