Thursday, August 15, 2013

TOPIK Past Exams

You can download past TOPIK Exams using the links below.
Each file already includes : listening files, exam questions, and answer keys.

31st TOPIK Exam
30th TOPIK Exam
29th TOPIK Exam
28th TOPIK Exam
27th TOPIK Exam
---------------------------------------

Note : All files were taken from the official TOPIK site found here. I translated the filenames to English so that computers with no Hangeul support will still be able to identify each file.

Monday, June 24, 2013

[Numbers] Counting People

Two ways of Counting People

(1) Honorific form, use Pure Korean numbers + 분.
  • One person - 한 분
  • Two persons - 두 분
(2) Plain form
  • One person - 한 명
  • Two persons - 두 명

[Numbers] Key Example #2

When counting numbers above 99 using Pure Korean numbers, use Sino Korean for the hundreds part then Pure Korean numbers for the 99 and below numbers.
  • 283 bottles - 이백여든세 병

Source : Lonely Planet Korean p. 44

[Numbers] Key Example #1

No such thing as 일만원, instead use only 만원.
  • 1,000 원 - 천원
  • 10,000 원 - 만원

Source : Lonely Planet Korean p. 41

Sunday, June 23, 2013

[Key Sentence] Example #1

우리 반 사람들과 다 같이 식사 한번 할까요?
What about having meals together once with the entire class.

Points : 

  • with everyone... - 다 같이
  • once - 식사 한번 할까요?
    • the "once" word is found before the verb and after the object.
Source : New Ganada Korean Elementary 2 p.24

[Numbers] Example asking for a phone number

가 : 사랑합니다, 고객님.
나 : 가나다한국어학원 전화번호 좀 부탁합니다.
가 : 네, 안내해 드리겠습니다. 무의하신 번호는 02-332-6003 (공이에 삼삼이에 육공공삼) 번입니다. 공이에 삽백삼십이 국에 육천삼 번입나다.

Notes  :
  • use Sino-Korean numbers.
  • use "에" when separating the numbers.
  • end the phone number with "번" which means "number".

단어 :

고객님 - customer

Source : New Ganada Korean for Foreigners Elementary 2 p.22

Monday, April 1, 2013

Grammar Particle : 에서

Usage :

(1) indicates where an action takes place

  • 애서 쉬어요.                     I rest at home.
  • 공원에서 자건거를 타요.     I ride bicycle at the park. 

(2) indicates the start of a location

  • 미국에서 왔어요.                  I came from the USA.
  • 여기에서 저기까지 조깅해요.   I will jog from here to there.

Monday, February 25, 2013

Grammar : Prenouns

Usage : 
  • modifies the noun that they follow.

Formation :
  • Prenoun + noun

PrenounMeaningExample
(Prenoun + Noun)
Meaning

(yet)
old옛 이야기
(yet iyagi)
old story

(sae)
new새 노래
(sae norae)
new song

(heon)
used헌 자동차
(heon jadongcha)
used cars

(maen)
the very맨 처음
(maen cheoeum)
the very first

(ddan)
another딴 방법
(ddan pangbeom)
another method

(sun)
pure순 무
(sun mu)
pure wool

Grammar Particle : 못~ and ~지 못해요

Usage :
  • used to show an action is not possible.
  • not used in adjectives, imperative and propositive sentences.

(1) Short form

     Verbs :      + verb

  •  자요     cannot sleep
  •  팔아요     cannot sell
  •  만들어요     cannot make
     * for 하다 verbs use : noun + 못 + 해요
  • 요리하다     :     요리 못 해요     cannot cook
  • 속제하다     :     속제 못 해요     cannot do homework

(2) Long form 

     Verbs :     VS + 지 못해요

  • 지 못해요     cannot see
  • 지 못해요     cannot go
  • 지 못해요     cannot eat
    * long form of 못 can be used with adjectives to show disappointment rather than unability.
  • 그 아이는 튼튼하지 못 했어요. (Too bad) That child was not healthy.
  • 그 부부는 행복하지 못 했어요. (Too bad) That couple were not happy.

Grammar Adverbials

Usage
  • describes how an action is done using an adverb derived from an adjective.

Formation :
  • Adjective VS + 게

AdjectiveMeaningAdverbial
(Pronunciation)
Meaning
쉽다
(shida)
easy쉽게
(shige)
easily
싸다
(ssada)
cheap싸게
(ssage)
at a low price
크다
(k'euda)
big크게
(k'euge)
hugely
작다
(jakda)
small작게
(jakge)
tinily
넓다
(neolda)
wide넓게
(neolge)
widely
싱겁다
(shinggeopta)
mild싱겁게
(shinggeopge)
insipidly
행복하다
(haengbokhada)
happy행복하게
(haemgbokhage)
happily
간단하다
(kandanhada)
simple간단하게
(kandanhage)
simply

Friday, February 22, 2013

Adverbs

Usage : 
  • modify verbs and adjectives.
3 Types of Adverbs
  • Sentential
  • Conjunctional
  • Componential

-------------------
Sentential Adverbs 
  • modify a whole sentence
WordPronunciationMeaning
가령karyeongif / supposing
설령seolryeongeven if
아마amaperhaps
반드시bandeushicertainly
만일manilif
설마seolmasurely (not)
하여튼hayeot'eunanyway


-----------------------
Conjunctional Adverbs
  • connects two different sentences.
WordPronunciationMeaning
그러나keureonabut
그러니까keureonikkatherefore
그러므로keureomeurosince it is so
그령지만keuryeongjimanhowever
ddoalso
또는ddoneunor
따라서ddaraseoaccordingly
더군다나deogundanabesides
그리고keurigoand
그래서keuraeseoso
그런데keureondeby the way
그럼keureomif so
또한ddohanmoreover
혹은hogeunor
jeukin other words
더우기deougimoreoever


-----------------------------
Componential Adverbs
  • modify a specific part of the sentence 
  • have 3 types : (a) manner adverbs, (b) time adverbs, (c) degree adverbs


(a) Manner Adverbs - describes how an action is done.

WordPronunciationMeaning
빨리ppallifast, early, soon
멀리meollifar
매우maeuvery, exceedingly
가장kajangmost
너무neomutoo much
혼자서honjaseoalone
많이manimuch
안녕히annyeonghipeacefully
천천히cheoncheonhislowly
가까이kakkaishortly, nearly
제일jeilthe first
아주ajuquite, very (much)
jalwell, often 
한께hanggetogether
열심히yeolshimhidiligently


(b) Time Adverbs

WordPronunciationMeaning
makjust at the moment
벌써beolsseolong ago, already (used when suprised)
아직ajikyet, still
요즈음yojeueumrecently
현재hyeonjaepresent
내일naeiltomorrow
갑자기kapjagisuddenly
당분간dangbunkanfor a while
줄곧julgotall the time
마침내machimnaeat last
언제나alwayseonjena
neulalways
보통bot'ongusually
방금panggeumright now
아까akkasome time ago
이미imialready (used when not surprised)
지금jigeumnow
이따iddalater
모래moraethe day after tomorrow
냉큼naengk'eumimmediately
밤낮bamnatnight and day
드디어deudieofinally
먼저meonjeoahead
일찍iljjikearly
항상hangsangalways
가끔kaggeumsometimes


(c) Degree Adverbs

WordPronunciationMeaning
chamreally
주로juromainly
아주ajuvery
조금jogeuma bit
너무neomuso much


Grammar Particle : 안~ and ~지 않아요

Usage :

안~ and ~지 않아 are both used in negative declarative and interrogative sentences.

(1) 안~ : short form

     Verbs :    + verb
  • 봐요     do not see
  • 가요     do not go
  • 먹어요     do not eat
      * for 하다 verbs use : noun +  + 해요
  • 요리하다     :     요리 안 해요     do not cook
  • 속제하다     :     속제 안 해요     do not do homework

     Adjectives :   + adjective
  • 커요     is not big
  • 작아요     is not small
  • 높아요     is not high

* rule not applicable to all verbs and adjectives.


(2) ~지 않아 : long form 

     Verbs :     VS + 지 않아요
  • 지 않아요     do not see
  • 지 않아요     do not go
  • 지 않아요     do not eat

     Adjectives :      AS + 지않아요
  • 지 않아요     is not big
  • 지 않아요     is not small
  • 지 않아요     is not high

Counters

Korean counters used with Native Korean / Pure Korean numbers

WordPronunciationCounter for
myeongpersons
사람sarampersons
마리marianimals
ssangcouples
송이songiflowers
다발dabalbunch (of flowers)
그루geurutrees
조각jogakslices
gaeitems, units
상자sangjaboxes
daemachines, cars
chaehouses, buildings
shio'clock
시간shikanhours (duration)
dalmonths (duration)
haeyears
salyears of age
beonnumber of times
jancupfuls
myeongbottles
봉지bongjipaper bags
jangpieces of paper
gwonbooks
군데gundeplaces
켤레k'yeolrepair of shoes
beolclothes
가지kajikinds

Korean counters used with Sino-Korean numbers

WordPronunciationCounter for
ildays
wolmonth names
개월gaewolmonths (duration)
nyeonyears
bunminutes
choseconds
cheungfloors
달라dalradollars
파운드p'aundeupounds
마일mailmiles

Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Pronouns


Polite
Informal
I

Je

Nae
Me

Jeo

Na
My

Je

Nae


PoliteInformal
You
(singular)
당신
Tangshin

Neo
You
(plural)
여러분
Yeoreobun
너희들
Neohuideul
Your
당신의
Tangshine

Ne


PoliteInformal
We
우리
Uri
-
They / Them
그들
Keudeul
-


PoliteInformal
He / Him
그분
Keubun

Keu
She / Her
그분
Keubun
그녀
Keunyeo

Grammar Particle : (이)나

Usage :


(1) "~or something like that".

  • 집에서 TV나 볼거예요.     I will watch TV or something at home.
  • 테니스나 쳐요.                  I play tennis or something. 
* reduces importance of the object noun.
* can be attached to questions words.
  • 어디 + 나     = 어디나        anywhere
  • 누구 + 나     = 누구나        whoever, anyone, everyone
  • 무엇 + 이나 = 무엇이나     anything, whatever
  • 언제 + 나     = 언제나        anytime, always

(2) used as "or"

  • 커피 눅차 주세요.     Give me coffee or green tea.
  • 서점이나 학교에 갈거예요.     I will go to the bookstore or school.

(3) "as many as / as much as".

* shows a surprising amount / quantity of the item, far from the speaker's expectation.

  • 100 달라받았어요.     I received as much as 100 dollar.
  • 텔레비전을 두시간이나 봐요.     I watch TV as many as two hours.

Vocabulary List :

치다 - to play


Tuesday, January 1, 2013

[Conjugation] Verb (Formal Declarative)

Type A : Stem that ends in 'ㅏ/ㅗ' (a/o)
Verb Stem (VS) Present
( VS + ㅂ니다 )
Past
 ( VS + 았습니다 )
Future
( VS + 겠습니다 or
VS +ㄹ겁니다)
A. Stem ends in 'ㅏ' :
      가다 →
가 + ㅂ니다
갑니다
(Kamnida)
가 + 았습니다 
갔습니다
(Katsseumnida)
가 + 겠습니다 
가겠습니다
(Kagetsseumnida)
가 + ㄹ겁니다 
→ 갈겁니다
(Kalkkeomnida)

Type B : Stem that ends in '하다' (hada)
Verb Stem (VS)Present
( VS + 합니다)
Past
 ( VS + 했습니다 )
Future
( VS + 하겠습니다 or
VS + 할겁니다)
Stem ends in  '하다' :
 공부하다 → 공부
    공부 + 합니다
   → 공부합니다    
     공부 + 했습니다  
   → 공부했습니다
   공부 + 하겠습나다
  → 공부하겠습니다    
   공부 + 할겁니다
  → 공부할겁니다 

Type C : Stem that ends in consonants / other vowels apart from '-a/-o'
Verb Stem (VS) Present
( VS + 습니다)
Past
 ( VS + 었습니다 )
Future ????
( VS + 겠습니다 or
VS + 할거예요)